Extensible Markup Language(XML): Introduction Creating XML Documents XML style Sheet Hyperlinks in XML Document Object Model XML Query Language
An XML document must follow certain rules to ensure correctness and consistency. It always begins with a declaration and contains a single root element under which all other elements appear.
Basic
Rules
• Only one root element must exist.
• Tags must be properly opened and closed.
• Tags are case-sensitive.
• Attribute values must be in quotes.
• Elements must be properly nested (no overlap).
Structure
of an XML Document
1.
XML Declaration
o Appears at the top.
o Specifies XML version and encoding format.
Example:<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2.
Root Element
o The main container for all other XML data.
Example:
<Library> in a library dataset.
3.
Child Elements
o Represent inner structured data.
Example:
o <Book>
o <Title>Python Basics</Title>
o </Book>
4.
Attributes
o Provide additional metadata about elements.
Example:
<Book id="B001">
Well-Formed
vs Valid XML
Type
Meaning
Well-formed
XML Follows syntactic rules of XML
Valid
XML Follows rules defined in DTD or XML Schema
(XSD)
Why
Validation is Important
• Ensures consistency of data structure.
• Prevents errors when exchanging data between applications.
• Maintains data accuracy and reliability.
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