Chapter 12 Indian Soils

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

Question 1.
The soils that are formed from the sediments deposited by the rivers is called ………….. soils.
Answer:
Alluvial.

Question 2.
The Black soils are also known as ……………. and ………….. soils.
Answer:
Regur soil, Black cotton.

Question 3.
Under the conditions of high temperature and rainfall ……………….. soils are formed in tropical areas.
Answer:
Laterite.

Question 4.
Mountain soils are suitable for ………… crops.
Answer:
Plantation.

II. Answer the following after discussing them in groups.

Question 1.
Which are the major types of soils in India?
Answer:
Soils of India can be classified into six main types:

• Alluvial soil
• Black soil
• Red soil
• Latente soil
• Desert soil
• Mountain soil

Question 2.
Explain the distribution of Black soil in India.
Answer:
Black soils are largely found in the Deccan basalt trap region including Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Parts of Telangana, Northern part of Karnataka, parts of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. They occupy about 5.46 lakh km2 in India.

Question 3.
What are the characteristics of Red soils?
Answer:

• Thy are banned from the weathering of granite. gneiss and other crystalline rocks.
• The colour of these soils is generally red or reddish-brown.
• They are more sandy and less claycy.
• They do not retain moisture.
• Red soils are ideal for the cultivation of ragi, millets, groundnuts, tobacco and potato.

Question 4.
What is soil erosion and soil conservation?
Answer:
Soil erosion: The removal of top soil by natural agents is called soil erosion.
Soil Conservation: Protection of soil from erosion and preservation of fertility of the soil is called ‘soil conservation’.

Question 5.
Mention the main causes of soil erosion.
Answer:
The main causes of soil erosion are:

1.                      Deforestation

2.                      Overgrazing,

3.                      Shifting cultivation

4.                      Faulty methods of cultivation

5.                      Use of topsoil for making bricks, tiles ete.

Question 6.
What are the major effects of soil erosion?
Answer:
The important effects of soil erosion are:

1.                      Loss of soil fertility and fall in agricultural productivity.

2.                       It leads to silting and floods, change of the course of rivers, and reduction of capacity of the reservoirs.

3.                      Ground water level is lowered and there is decrease in soil moisture.

4.                      Vegetation covers dries up and drought increase.

5.                       Economy as a whole suffers a great set back.

Additional Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
………… soil is suitable for coffee plantation.
Answer:
Mountain

Question 2.
……………. soil is formed due to the decomposition of organic matter.
Answer:
Mountain

Question 3.
……………. soils are formed in troipical areas under the conditions of high temperature and rainfall.
Answer:
Literite

Question 4.
……………. soil is suitable for growing jute.
Answer:
Alluvial

Question 5.
…………… soil is not suitable for the cultivation of many crops.
Answer:
Desert.

II. Match the following:

A	B
1. Laterite soil	a)  suitable for growing coffee, tea
2. Mountain soil	b)Deforestation
3. Erosion of soil	c) Deficiency of Nitrogen & salts
4. Alluvial soil	d) Major occupation of Indians
5. Agriculture	e) Suitable for growing jute.

Answer:
1-c
2-a
3-b
4-e
5-d.

One Marks Questions

Question 1.
How soil is formed?
Answer:
Soil formation of India is mainly related to the parent rock, relief, climate and natural vegetation. So there is a wide variety’ of soils in India.

Question 2.
Why black soil very useful to grow cotton, chilies?
Answer:
They are highly retentive of moisture and extremely compact.

Question 3.
Name the main crops of red soil.
Answer:
Red soils are ideal for the cultivation of ragi, millets, groundnuts, tobacco and potato.

Question 4.
Name the crops of Laterite soil.
Answer:
Crops like Cashew, Rubber, Tea, Coffee and Paddy can be grown in these soils.

Question 5.
Which type of soil needs to grow Coffee and Tea?
Answer:
Mountain Soil

Two Marks Questions

Question 1.
Name types of Alluvial soils of India.
Answer:

• Khadar The fine and newer alluvium is called Khadar.
• Bangar The coarse gravel and older alluvium is called Bangar.

Three Marks Questions

Question 2.
Which steps are taken the Conservation of Soil?
Answer:

1.                      Protection of soil from erosion and preservation of fertility of the soil is called ‘Soil conservation’.

2.                      Several measures and adopted for conserving soil. They are

o    Afforestation and reforestation

o    Controlled overgrazing

o    Contour farming

o    Construction of check dams

o    Contour bunding.

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