UNIT 2
Web Hosting refers to the service of providing storage space and
access for websites on the internet. Website hosting allows your website to
go live online, making it accessible to the public. Companies offering web
hosting services maintain servers where website data is stored and managed,
ensuring that websites are accessible online. Servers are computers that store and send data to website users.
Website hosting is a necessary part of
the website development process. When a user types your website domain name in
their address bar, the website host connects them to the server and displays
your content. Your website content can’t be displayed without the server and
the host, so finding hosting should be a top priority.
What
you need to host a website
Ø Before you can host a website, you must
buy a domain name.
Ø Your domain name is the address of your
business online, so it must be unique and
easy to remember.
Ø Most businesses can make their business
name their domain name because it’s easy
to remember for their customers.
Once
you have your domain name, you can start researching different providers to host
your website.
Key
features to consider when looking for a way to host a website include:
Ø Reliability: You don’t want your website going down
in the middle of the day when your
shoppers are most likely online. Instead, you need reliability that can improve
your website’s performance.
Ø Security: Your website must be secure, especially if you want customers to make
purchases online. Flexibility and scalability: A website host must offer comprehensive features that allow you to be flexible and make the
right choices for your business. Additionally, as your business grows, you’ll
need the ability to scale by increasing bandwidth. (Bandwidth
has multiple meanings, including the amount of data that can be
transferred over a network or the range of frequencies in a sign a)
Ø Ease of
use: If you’re new to web hosting, you must be able to easily use your web
hosting tools without the need to call customer service for help.
Instead, look for tools that
offer a user-friendly design to make it easy to make changes to your website.
Ø Customer
support: Hosting can be confusing for first-time business owners with
new websites, so you might need to contact customer support from time to time
for help. A website host with comprehensive
support options, including email, phone calls, and messaging, will make
managing your website easier.
Examples:
1.
Shared Hosting: Multiple websites
share the same server resources. This is cost-effective and suitable for small
websites.
Example: Bluehost offers shared hosting plans starting at low
monthly rates, making it ideal for personal blogs or small business websites.
2.
Virtual Private Server (VPS) Hosting:
A physical server is divided into several virtual servers, each functioning
independently. This offers more control and resources compared to share
hosting.
Example: Digital Ocean provides VPS hosting where users can customize their server environment,
making it suitable for medium-sized businesses or applications needing more
resources.
3.
Dedicated Hosting: A single server is dedicated to one website,
providing full control over the server environment and resources.
Example: Liquid Web
offers dedicated hosting plans that are ideal for large businesses with high
traffic websites requiring maximum performance and security.
4.
Cloud Hosting: Websites are hosted on
a network of virtual servers that pull their computing resources from extensive
underlying networks of physical web servers. Cloud is a
global network of remote servers designed to store and process data for other
devices and computers.
Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers scalable cloud
hosting solutions that can handle varying levels of traffic and provide high availability.
A web hosting company is a service
provider that offers space and resources on a server to host websites.
Some
of the best web hosting companies according to different criteria are:
Ø Hostinger – Best long-term pricing
Ø Bluehost – Best for WordPress beginners
Ø
HostGator – Best for affordable scalability
Ø Web.com – Best website builder for beginners
Ø DreamHost – Best WordPress hosting
Managing Multimedia
Managing multimedia involves handling
various forms of media content such as text, images, video, and audio. It
includes creating, editing, organizing, storing, and distributing media files
effectively.
Examples:
1.
Content Management Systems (CMS):
Software applications that help users create, manage, and modify digital
content without needing specialized technical knowledge.
Example: WordPress is a popular CMS that allows users to
easily upload and manage multimedia content like images, videos, and audio files
within their websites.
2.
Digital Asset Management (DAM) Systems:
Platforms designed to store, organize, and retrieve rich media assets such as
photos, videos, graphics, and audio files.
Example: Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) Assets are a DAM that helps
businesses manage their multimedia content efficiently, providing tools for
collaboration and distribution.
3.
Video Hosting Platforms: Services
that enable users to upload, store, and share video content.
Example: YouTube allows users to upload videos which can then
be embedded on websites, shared on social media, or accessed directly on
the platform.
4.
Cloud Storage Solutions: Services that
provide storage and management of multimedia files on the cloud, allowing
access from any device with an internet connection.
Cloud storage is a service that
allows users to store files on remote
servers. It offers many benefits, including security, accessibility,
and extra storage space.
Example: Google Drive offers cloud storage where users can
store photos, videos, and other media files, enabling easy sharing and collaboration.
Creating
and Maintaining a Wiki Site.
A wiki is a web-based collaborative
platform that enables users to store, create and modify content in an organized
manner. The term comes from the word wiki wiki, which means fast in Hawaiian.
A wiki is an application that allows
users too quickly and easily share information. It's a collection of web pages
that use simple language and hyperlinks to navigate
from one topic to another easily. Wikis are typically used for internal
collaborations but can also be used externally for public-facing purposes.
What are wikis used for?
Wikis are commonly used for knowledge
management, project collaboration and intranet applications. They are a great
resource for businesses, teams and individuals who need to share information
quickly and efficiently.
Wikis provide the ability to link
related pages of information together using hyperlinks, which makes them ideal
for creating connected networks of data. This provides an easy way to organize
information, making it easier for users to access the data they need.
Examples
of wiki software
Wikis are constantly evolving, and new
wiki software packages are being released all the time. Some popular examples
of wiki software are the following:
Ø MediaWiki , Wiki.js, TiddlyWiki, Nuclino,
Confluence, Zoho Wiki
Ø DokuWiki, You Need A Wiki, Guru, BookStack, Slite, GitBook
Ø XWiki, Notion, Slab
Examples
of Wiki Sites:
1. Wikipedia: The most well-known wiki,
it is an online encyclopedia that anyone can edit. It covers a vast range of topics
in multiple languages.
2. Fandom (formerly Wikia): A collection
of community-based wikis on various topics, especially popular for fan
communities around TV shows, movies, video games, and more.
3. Wiktionary: A collaborative project
to produce a free multilingual dictionary.
4. Wikibooks: A collection of free,
open-content textbooks that anyone can edit.
5. Confluence: An enterprise wiki
developed by Atlassian, often used for project documentation and collaboration
within organizations.
Internal
vs. External Wikis
Internal wikis are used by businesses to
store and share sensitive information within their organization. On the other
hand, external wikis are used for public- facing purposes and can be accessible
by anyone.
Internal wikis are great for collaboration
among team members, sharing customer feedback, updating business documents, and
more. They provide a secure environment where all content can be organized in
one central location - What's not to
love?
External wikis are perfect for providing
information to the public, such as product specifications or support
information.
They are also ideal for open-source
projects and large customer communities.
What
can you store in a wiki?
Below
is a list of what you can store in an internal wiki:
Ø Technical documentation (How-to guides,
tutorials, etc.)
Ø Meeting notes & minutes
Ø Company policies & guidelines
Ø Project plans & timelines
Ø Reports & analysis
Ø Customer service resources (e.g. FAQs)
Ø Team contact information &
organizational charts News & updates
Ø Best practices & procedures
Ø Employee handbooks
Ø Help desk resources
Guidelines
to create a wiki site?
1. Choose what type of wiki you want to
create (internal or external).
2. Pick the platform you're going to
use.
3. Set security protocols and community guidelines.
4. Start adding content - make sure to
use simple language, visuals, and hyperlinks.
5. Assign roles and permissions for
editing access.
1.
Choose what type of wiki you want to create (internal or external).
If your goal is to share sensitive, internal
information within your organization, an internal wiki is what you should go
with. But if you want to create a public-facing wiki that anyone can access, an
external wiki is what you need.
2.
Pick the platform you're going to use.
There are many software's available for
creating a wiki online. To make your choice, consider whether you want an
open-source or hosted solution and what functionality you need.
If you’re a large, global company
looking for open-source software, then you might opt for MediaWiki, the
collaboration and documentation platform powering Wikipedia. But if you’re a
smaller business or simply need less bells and whistles, then you might prefer
more basic software like DokuWiki, WikiWikiWeb.
3.
Set security protocols and community guidelines.
There are two major things to consider
when starting a wiki: security and community. To ensure your wiki is secure,
it’s recommended that you work with your IT department to ensure that the
content you post complies with company policies and national laws.
The second step is setting up community
guidelines. Since wikis could quickly devolve into irrelevant or incorrect
information or editing wars, you should also lay down some ground rules.
4.
Start adding content - use simple language, visuals, and hyperlinks.
Like any website, you want to structure
your wiki in a way that’s easy for users to understand and navigate. You can do
so using categories, tags, and internal links. To start, make a list of the
broadest topics your wiki will cover. Say your list is training, culture, and
product. Then each of these topics will be a category. You can also use
department names, like marketing, sales, product, and HR, as categories.
5.
Assign roles and permissions for editing access.
Now that you’ve established rules of use
and basic architecture, you can start inviting people to add content to the
wiki. To ensure that people don’t edit content they shouldn’t be editing, you
should assign roles and access levels.
For example, if you have a customer
service department, customer service reps can be given access to relevant pages
only and people in the marketing team might get more access. Once you’ve
identified what type of roles and access each person needs, you can assign them
accordingly in the software.
Managing
a wiki site involves:
1.
Setup and Configuration: Installing
and configuring wiki software.
2.
Content Management: Creating,
editing, and organizing content.
3.
User Management: Setting permissions
and encouraging participation.
4.
Maintenance: Performing backups,
updates, and monitoring activities.
5.
Enhancements: Adding new features and
improving search and navigation.
6.
Community Building: Engaging users
and fostering a collaborative environment.
Presentation
software part I
Presentation software is a type of
application used to create a visual aid that supports the speaker during a
presentation. It typically includes features for combining text, images,
videos, and other multimedia elements into slides. Users can arrange these
slides in a sequence to effectively communicate information, ideas, or data to
an audience. Common functionalities include slide templates, transitions,
animations, and the ability to incorporate charts and graphs.
Popular
examples of presentation software
include Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides, and Apple Keynote. These tools are
widely used in educational, business, and professional settings to enhance the
delivery and impact of presentations.
Key
features of presentation software include:
1.
Slide Creation: Tools to create and
design individual slides with various layouts and templates.
2.
Text Formatting: Options for
adjusting fonts, sizes, colors, and text alignment.
3.
Multimedia Integration: Ability to
insert and embed images, videos, audio, and other multimedia elements.
4.
Transitions and Animations: Features
to add visual effects between slides and animate individual slide elements.
5.
Charts and Graphs: Tools for creating
and integrating various types of charts and graphs to represent data visually.
6.
Templates and Themes: Pre-designed
slide templates and themes to ensure a consistent and professional look
throughout the presentation.
7.
Collaboration: Options for multiple
users to work on the same presentation simultaneously, often facilitated by
cloud storage.
8.
Presenter Tools: Features like
speaker notes, timers, and presentation modes to aid the presenter during
delivery.
9.
Import and Export: Compatibility with
various file formats for importing content and exporting presentations.
10.
Printing and Handouts: Ability to
print slides and create handouts for audience members.
11.
Hyperlinking: Capability to add
hyperlinks to slides, enabling interactive elements and navigation.
12.
Rehearsal Features: Tools to practice
and time the presentation, often with feedback on pacing and duration.
Benefits
of using presentation software include:
1.
Enhanced Visual Communication:
Combines text, images, videos, and charts to make information more engaging and
easier to understand.
2.
Professional Appearance: Pre-designed
templates and themes ensure a polished and professional look, even for users
with limited design skills.
3.
Efficiency and Time-Saving:
Facilitates quick creation and editing of presentations, saving time compared
to manual methods.
4.
Consistency: Ensures uniformity in
design and formatting across slides, contributing to a cohesive presentation.
5.
Improved Organization: Helps
structure information logically, making it easier for the audience to follow and
comprehend.
6.
Engagement and Interaction: Features
like animations, transitions, and multimedia elements keep the audience
interested and engaged.
7.
Flexibility and Adaptability: Easily
editable, allowing for last-minute changes and updates without significant
effort.
8.
Collaboration: Cloud-based
presentation software enables multiple users to collaborate in real-time,
improving teamwork and productivity.
9.
Portability: Presentations can be
saved in various formats and accessed from different devices, making them easy
to share and present anywhere.
10.
Rehearsal and Practice: Built-in
tools help presenters practice and time their presentations, leading to more
confident and effective delivery.
11.
Audience Handouts: Ability to print
slides and notes for audience distribution, enhancing information retention and
reference.
12.
Data Integration: Simplifies the
incorporation of data through charts and graphs, making complex information
more accessible.
13.
Interactive Elements: Hyperlinks and
multimedia elements can create interactive presentations, providing a dynamic
experience for the audience.
14.
Customization: Offers a wide range of
customization options to tailor the presentation to the specific needs and
preferences of the presenter.
Presentation
software part II
Content
Creation
1.
Know Your Audience: Tailor your
content to the interests, knowledge level, and needs of your audience.
2.
Clear Objectives: Define the key
messages and objectives of your presentation.
3.
Structured Outline: Create a clear
structure with an introduction, main points, and a conclusion.
4.
Concise Text: Use bullet points and
short sentences. Avoid long paragraphs.
5.
Storytelling: Incorporate stories or
anecdotes to make the content relatable and memorable.
6.
Relevant Data: Use accurate and
relevant data to support your points, and cite your sources.
Design
1.
Consistent Theme: Use a consistent
design theme and color scheme throughout the presentation.
2.
Readable Fonts: Choose clear, legible
fonts and ensure text size is large enough to be read from a distance.
3.
High-Quality Images: Use
high-resolution images that are relevant to your content.
4.
Balanced Layout: Ensure a good
balance between text and visuals. Avoid overcrowding slides.
5.
Use of White Space: Incorporate white
space to make slides less cluttered and easier to read.
6.
Color Contrast: Use high-contrast
colors to make text stand out against the background.
7.
Animations and Transitions: Use
animations and transitions sparingly to enhance, not distract from, the
content.
Delivery
1.
Practice: Rehearse your presentation
multiple times to become familiar with the flow and timing.
2.
Engage with Eye Contact: Maintain eye
contact with your audience to build a connection.
3.
Confident Body Language: Use open and
confident body language. Avoid fidgeting.
4.
Vocal Variety: Vary your tone, pitch,
and pace to keep the audience interested.
5.
Use of Notes: Use speaker notes for
key points but avoid reading directly from them.
6.
Interactive Elements: Include Q&A
sessions, polls, or interactive exercises to engage the audience.
Strategies
for Audience Engagement
1.
Ask Questions: Pose questions to the
audience to encourage participation and keep them engaged.
2.
Interactive Content: Incorporate
multimedia elements such as videos, audio clips, and interactive charts.
3.
Live Demos: Conduct live
demonstrations if applicable to illustrate key points.
4.
Feedback Mechanisms: Use feedback
tools like polls or surveys to gauge audience understanding and interest.
5.
Storytelling and Examples: Use
relatable stories and examples to illustrate points.
6.
Audience Involvement: Invite audience
members to share their experiences or opinions related to the topic.
7.
Breaks and Segments: Break the
presentation into segments and include short breaks to maintain energy levels.
Screen
casting tools and techniques
Screen casting refers to the process of
recording the screen of a computer or mobile device, often accompanied by audio
narration. This technique is widely used for creating tutorials, demonstrations,
and presentations.
Tools
1.
Camtasia
Description: A professional-grade screen casting tool that offers
a range of features including screen recording, video editing.
Example: A software developer creating a tutorial on how to
use a new coding platform might use Camtasia to record their screen while
explaining the code, then edit the video to highlight important sections.
2.
OBS Studio (Open Broadcaster Software)
Description: A free and open-source software for video recording
and live streaming. It allows capturing multiple sources including screen,
webcam.
3.
Snagit
Description: A simple yet powerful tool for capturing screenshots
and screen casts. It includes basic editing features and is user-friendly.
Example: A marketing professional creating a quick tutorial on
how to navigate a new system might use Snagit to capture screen actions and add
arrows or text for clarity.
4.
Loom
Description: A browser-based screen casting tool that allows for
quick recording and sharing. It supports screen and webcam recording and is
often used for quick communication.
Example: A team leader providing feedback on a project might
record a Loom video to walk through the project document, offering specific
suggestions while showing the relevant sections on screen.
Techniques
1.
Planning and Scripting
Ø Description: Before recording, it's essential to plan the content
and write a script.
This helps ensure the screen cast is
coherent and covers all necessary points.
Example: A teacher preparing a lesson on algebra might outline
the key concepts and write a script to ensure the explanation is clear and
follows a logical order.
2.
Recording High-Quality Audio
Ø Description: Using a good microphone and recording in a quiet
environment is crucial for clear audio. Background noise can be distracting.
Example: A content creator recording a Photoshop tutorial
might use a USB condenser microphone to capture clear voiceover, avoiding
echoes and background noise.
3.
Editing and Enhancing
Ø Description: Post-recording editing allows you to cut unnecessary
parts, add annotations, zoom in on important details, and include transitions.
Example: An online course creator might edit their screen cast
to add text callouts, highlight key steps, and insert transitions between
different sections for a smooth flow.
4.
Optimizing for the Audience
Ø Description: Tailoring the screen cast to the audience's needs,
such as adjusting the pace, using appropriate language, and focusing on
relevant features.
Example: A product manager creating a feature demo for a
tech-savvy audience might use technical terms and focus on advanced
functionalities, while a similar demo for beginners would use simpler language
and cover basic operations.
Multilingual
web content development
Multilingual web content development
involves creating and managing website content in multiple languages to cater
to a diverse, global audience. This process ensures that information is accessible
and culturally relevant to users who speak different languages.
Here
are the key steps and considerations in multilingual web content development:
1.
Audience Analysis:
Ø Identify target audiences and their language
preferences.
Ø Understand cultural nuances and regional variations in
language use.
2.
Content Strategy:
Ø Develop a content plan that includes which languages
to support.
Ø Decide on the type of content to be translated or
localized.
3.
Translation vs. Localization:
Ø Translation: Converting text from one language to another while
maintaining its original meaning.
Ø Localization: Adapting content to fit the cultural, linguistic, and
functional needs of a specific region, which might involve changing idioms,
examples, images, and even colors.
4.
Content Management System (CMS):
Ø Use a CMS that supports multilingual content, allowing
for easy management and updates across different languages.
Ø Implement language switchers on the website to let
users choose their preferred language.
5.
Quality Assurance:
Ø Conduct thorough testing and proofreading to ensure
translations are accurate and contextually appropriate.
Ø Involve native speakers in the review process to catch
subtle errors.
6.
SEO Considerations:
Ø Optimize multilingual content for search engines in
each language, including localized keywords and meta tags.
Ø Use href lang tags to indicate language and regional
targeting to search engines.
7.
Legal and Compliance Issues:
Ø Ensure compliance with local laws and regulations
regarding content and data privacy.
Ø Be aware of regional accessibility standards and
guidelines.
8.
User Experience (UX):
Ø Design the website interface to support multiple
languages without compromising on usability.
Ø Consider text expansion or contraction due to language
differences, which can affect layout and design.
9.
Continuous Improvement:
Ø Regularly update and review content to maintain its
relevance and accuracy.
Ø Gather user feedback
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