Chapter 14 Indian Water Resources

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers.

Question 1.
River Indus rises near ………………
Answer:
Kailash Mountain (Tibet).

Question 2.
The longest river in South India is ……………
Answer:
Godavari River.

Question 3.
Hirakud project is built across ………….. river.
Answer:
Mahanadi.

Question 4.
Is the longest tributary of the Ganga is ………….
Answer:
Yamuna.

Question 5.
The Kosi project is a joint venture of …………… and …………
Answer:
India, Nepal.

II. Discuss in groups and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Explain the Brahmaputra river system?
Answer:
The Brahmaputra rises near lake Manasa Sarovar (Tibet), and flows towards the east. It enters India through a narrow gorge in Arunachal Pradesh. The it flows to the west and turns to the South in Bangla desh where it joins the Ganga. Its length is 2589 kms.

Question 2.
What is irrigation? Mention its main types in India?
Answer:
The artificial supply of water for the purpose of agriculture is called irrigation. It refers to the supply of water to agricultural land from rivers, reservoirs, tanks or from underground sources. The important types of irrigations in India are wells, canals and tanks. Recently other types of irrigations such as sprinkler and drip irrigation have been introduced.

Question 3.
Why is irrigation important in India?
Answer:
Tndia is an agricultural country. Therefore it needs a regular and sufficient supply of water. Agriculture in India depends mainly on monsoon rainfall. It is seasonal, uncertain and unevenly distributed. There are certain crops which require a larger and regular water supply, such as Rice, Sugarcane, etc., Besides to increase the yield and production of crops required regular supply of water. This can be provided only by irrigation which is very essential in India.

Question 4.
What is Multi-Purpose River Valley Project?
Answer:
The river valley projects which provide multiple benefits are called “Multipurpose river valley projects”.
Ex: To provide water for irrigation to the central of floods hydroelectric power generation etc.

Question 5.
Write a note on Almatti River Valley Project.
Answer:
The Almatti dam is constructed near Almatti village inBasavana Bagewadi taluk and the Narayanapura dam is located near Siddapur village in Muddebihal taluk of Vijayapura district. Bagalkot, Vijayapura, Kalburgi, Yadgir and parts of Belagavi districts benefit from this project.

Question 6.
Explain the importance- and distribution of well irrigation.
Answer:

• It is the most important type of irrigation in India.
• Nearly 60.7% of the total irrigated area is from well irrigation.
• Well irrigation is possible even in areas of low rainfall, it is cheap and easy to dig wells and they do not required superior technology.
• It is easy even for small farmers to dig wells.
• Well irrigation is largely practiced in the Ganga plains including Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
• In South India well irrigation is widely practiced in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Odisha.

III. Match the following projects in A with states B

A	B
1. Nagaijuna Sagar	a) Karnataka
2. Bhakra-Nangal	b) Himachal Pradesh
3. Bhakra-Nangal	c) Telangana
4. Tungabhadra	d) Odisha

Answer:
1-c
2-b
3-d
4-a.

Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Length of Ganga river is ………. km.
Answer:
2525

Question 2.
Ganga river joins the Brahmaputra it continues as ……………..
Ans:
Padma.

Question 3.
Brahmaputra river forms the world largest river island ……………..
Answer:
Majuli.

Question 4.
River Kaveri rises at ……………..
Ans:
Talakaveri (kodagu)

Question 5.
India is a Land of ……………..
Answer:
Agriculture.

Question 6.
River Tapi rises at ……………..
Answer:
Multai.

Question 7.
A ……………… is a natural or man-made hollow on the earth’s surface into which rain-water is collected.
Answer:
Tank.

Question 8.
Almatti dam is construted to ……………. river.
Answer:
Krishna.

Question 9.
River Damodar was called ……………..
Answer:
Sorrow of Bengal.

Question 10.
The Rihana valley project is the most important multipurpose river valley project of ………………..
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.

Question 11.
The length of Sindhu river is …………. km.
Answer:
2897.

Question 12.
Water is a …………… resources
Answer:
valuable natural.

Question 13.
The rivers of North India are also called …………….
Answer:
the Himalayan.

Question 14.
The rivers of South India are also called ………………
Answer:
Peninsular rivers.

Question 15.
Now only …………….. of the total irrigated area is under tank irrigation.
Answer:
3%.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
North Indian rivers also known as
a) The Himalayan rivers
b) The fast flowing rivers
c) The perennial rivers
d) The east flowing rivers
Answer:
a) The Himalayan rivers

Question 2.
Jhelum, Chenab, Beas, Ravi, and Sutlej these tributaries are belonged to
a) River Ganga
b) River Brahmaputra
c) River Indus
d) River Narmada
Answer:
c) River Indus

Question 3.
The world’s largest riverlsland is
a) Majuli
b) Greenland
c) Scotland
Answer:
a) Majuli

Question 4.
The rivers of South India are known as
a) The Peninsular rivers
b) Non-perennial rivers
c) The Western ghats rivers
d) All the above points
Answer:
d) All the above points

Question 5.
The main feature of West flowing rivers is
a) These are perennial rivers
b) These are short and swift
c) These are fast flowing rivers
d) All rivers of west are joint to Arabian sea
Answer:
b) These are short and swift

Two Marks Questions:

Question 1.
Write the importance of water.
Answer:

• Water is one of the most precious nature resources.
• Without water it is impossible to sustain life.
• Human beings need if for drinking, cooking, washing, agriculture, generation of hydro-electricity, industries, navigation, fishing etc

Question 2.
Write a note on River Ganga.
Answer:

• The Ganga river is the largest river of India. It rises in the Gangothri glacier.
• It flows towards the South and South-east then enters Bangladesh where it joins the Brahmaputra.
• Its major tributaries are Yamuna, Ghaghar Gandak, Ramaganga, Gomati, Sarada and Kasi.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Canal Irrigation.
Answer:

• India has one of the world’s largest canal systems.
• There are two types of Canals

o    Inundation canals

o    Perennial canals

• In inundation canals, water is drawn directly from the river without building dam.
• In perennial canals, dams are constructed across the rivers and water is stored in the reservoirs and used for agriculture through canals.

Question 4.
Write a note on the Tungabhadra Project.
Answer:

• It is a joint venture of Karnataka and Andra Pradesh.
• The main aims of the project are to provide irrigation, generation of hydel power and inland fisheries.
• A dam has been constructed across river Tungabhadra, a tributary of Krishna, at Mallapuram neat Hosapete in Bellari district of Karnataka.
• The reservoir created by this dam called “Pampa Sagara”.

Question 5.
Irrigation is very essential to India. Why?
Answer:

• Agriculture in India depends mainly on monsoon rainfall
• It is seasonal, uncertain and unevenly distributed
• There are certain crops which require a larger and regular water supply.
• Examples: Rice, Sugarcane etc
• It increases the yield and production of crops required a regular supply of water.