What is
Report Writing?
A report is
a written presentation of factual information based on an
investigation or research.
Reports form the basis for solving problems or making decisions, often in
the subjects of business and the sciences. The length
of reports varies; there are short memorandum
(memo) reports and long reports.
A report is a short, sharp, concise document which is written for
a particular purpose and audience. It generally sets outs and analyses a
situation or problem, often making recommendations for future action. It is a
factual paper, and needs to be clear and well-structured.
Work Book Answers Report
Writing
Report writing is an
important writing skill which can cover a number of topics they are science, journalistic or of general interest.
Some characteristics of
reports:
· They are
always factual. (True)
· The information is verifiable.
· They are aimed at people with a specific interest in that
area.
· The passive form of the verb is generally used.
Reading and Interpreting Graphs
(explain)
Graphs and charts
communicate information visually. Therefore graphs are often used in
newspapers, magazines and business reports around the world.
Some of the graphs
commonly used are as follows.
Line Graphs:
· Line
graphs are diagrams that present data using dots and lines. One variable is
indicated on the vertical line, and the other is indicated on the horizontal.
Bar Graphs:
· Bar
graphs can be either vertical or horizontal. It is important to read the labels
carefully on each bar.
Pie Charts:
· A
pie chart shows the relationships between parts to a whole. The whole is
contained in the circle (pie) and divided into appropriately sized proportions,
or slices.
Interpretation of Graphs
Interpretation of a graph
involves reading, understanding and expressing the data represented in a verbal
(the form
of words) medium. In other words,
after consulting the graph, you must be able to transfer the data into a report
in the form of a paragraph of about 120 – 150 words.
Tips for writing a report
based on a graph
while writing a report,
take into account the following.
Title: The kind of information found on the graph
Key: Additional information included in the graph
Scale: Tells how many or how much
Axis lines:
Vertical axis runs along the side of the graph.
The horizontal axis runs across the bottom of the graph.
Bar labels:
Describe individual parts of the graph
Look at the following bar
graph followed by a report.
Literacy rate in India
after Independence
A report based on the graph
can be like this:
The above bar graph
represents the literacy rate in India after independence. Spread over a
duration of 60 years (from 1951 to 2011), the rate of literacy has attained a
steady growth from just 16.7 percent in 1951 to a considerable 74.04 in 2011.
As can be ascertained from the graph, in the initial years of independence,
i.e, during the first 30 years , the growth rate has been below ten percent.
There is a big leap in the 1980s as there is an all time increase of 14
percent. The next decade has also witnessed a growth of about 13 percent. The
rate has witnessed a fall in the next decade as it is less than 10 percent. The
policies of the Governments and their implementation might be the reason for
the unsteady trend in the growth of literacy rate. However, the overall growth
is promising since it is about to cross 75 percent in 2011.
Exercises:
Question 1.
Here is a bar chart
showing the results of a survey on the working patterns of both rural and urban
women. The chart provides information about how these women spend the hours of
their day for some chosen activities on average. Based on this information,
write a report in about 150 words.
Answer:
The above bar chart gives
the results of a survey on the working patterns of both rural and urban women.
The chart clearly tells us that rural women spend less than an hour at cooking
than their urban counterparts who spend nearly two hours in cooking. Rural
women spend only half an hour in watching TV. While urban women watch TV for
more than an hour. Rural women spend less than half an hour for hobbies while
urban women spend 45 minutes. Rural women also lag behind urban women in the
time spent at rearing children on which urban women spend nearly two hours.
Furthermore, due to women illiteracy in the rural area, the time spent in
reading is very less, where as urban women read for about half an hour in a
day. Totally this chart provides the information that the rural women are
spending less time in all their activities compared the urban women.
Answer:
The above pie chart gives
the results of a survey conducted by a non – profit NGO to understand how a
rural family spends its income on various clothing. A Rural family spends 30%
of its income on food and which is very important and necessary. Nearly 25% of
their income is spent on Health, because of lack of hygiene. They spend only
10% on education because a number people are engaged in agricultural
activities. They spend only 10% on savings. This is very less savings they
spend 20% of their income in repaying loans. They have to borrow large amount
of money for agricultural activities.
The above line graph shows
the population growth during the pre-independence and post-independence period
in India. Over a duration of 40 years during pre-independence, the population
was just below one crore people but by the end of the decade during 1910 it
started to rise steadily and crossed one crore. After independence, within ten
years the – population increased to 1.7 crores. It grew to 2.8 crores by the
end of 1960. After 1970 it rose to 3 crores and during the period from 1970 to 2000
it grew sharply to over five crores. In the decade between 2000 and 2010 the
population of India crossed the six crores mark.
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